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Emerging Technology Chapter 3: Artificial Intelligence/አርትፊሻል እንተለጀንስ –



📒Introduction to #Emerging Technology

📚Chapter Three

📑Artificial Intelligence [AI]

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ስር የምናየው ዝርዝር ነገሮች፦
📍What is AI
📍Advantages and Disadvantages of AI
📍History [Eras] of AI
📍Levels and Types of AI
📍Influencers of AI
📍Application of AI

በዛሬው ዕለት የምናየው የመጀመሪያዎቹ ሶስቱን ነው። ዝግጁ🙌

📖What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

አርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ወይም በአማርኛ – ሰው ሰራሽ አስተውሎት ልንለው እንችላለን። እናም በ1950ዎቹ በኮምፒውተር ሳይንቲስቶች እንደ አንድ የጥናት ዘርፍ (field) የተመሰረት ነው።

📌The father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, እንደሚከተለው ትርጉሙን አስቀምጧል፦

“AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.”

ከዚህ በፊት በተለያየ አጋጣሚ “አርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ” ሲባል ሰምታችሁ ይሆናል። ቀለል ባለ መንገድ ስንፈታው “የሰው ልጅ እንደሚያስበው የሚያስቡ፥ የሰው ልጅ እንደሚሰራው፣ እንደሚወስነው የሚሰሩና የሚወስኑ፥ እንደ ሰው ልጅ ችግር ፈቺ ሊሆኑ የሚችሉ ሮቦቶችን, ኮምፒዩተሮችን መፍጠር ነው።”

📝የቃሉንም ትርጉም ስናየው፦

🪄”Artificial” ማለት “man made” – ሰው ሰራሽ ማለት ነው።
🪄”Intelligence” ማለት ደግሞ “thinking power or the ability to learn and solve problems” – የማሰብ ችሎታ ማለት ነው።

ስለዚህ “AI means Man-made thinking power.”

በተጨማሪም መርዳት ያለብን ነገር “Intelligence” ሲባል ብዙ ነገሮችን (የሚከተሉትን) በውስጡ ያካተተ ነው።
🪄Reasoning (ምክንያታዊነት)
🪄Learning (መማር)
🪄Problem Solving (ችግር ፈቺነት)
🪄Perception (መቅሰም፣ መረዳት)
🪄Linguistic Intelligence (የቋንቋ ችሎታ)

📌አራተኛ ላይ ያየነው “Perception” ነው። ከዚው ጋር በተያያዘ አንድ ማሽን በዙሪያው (በአከባቢው ካሉትን ነገሮች) የሆነ ነገር የሚረዳበትን መንገድ “Machine Perception” እንሏለን።

📌Machine Perception is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras, microphones, etc) to deduce aspects of the world.
ማለትም ልክ የሰው ልጅ የሆነ ነገር ሰምቶ ወይም አይቶ ምላሽ እንደሚሰጥ እና በዙሪያው ካለው አለም (Environment) ጋር ግንኙነት (Interaction) እንደሚፈጥር ማሽንም ወይም የኮምፒውተር ሲይስተም የተሰጠውን Input (Raw data) የሚተረጉምበት ችሎታ ነው።

📌Autonomous Vehicles (Drones🛸, Self Driving cars🚘), Google Search, Online Assistants (Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana), Face Recognition when Unlocking Mobile Phones ኧረ ብዙ ናቸው ቢዘረዘሩም አያልቁም። እነዚህ የተወሰኑት የAI ምሳሌዎች (ወይም በአርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ) የተሰሩ አሁን ላይ በአብዛኛው የምንጠቀምባቸው ፈጠራዎች ናቸው።

🙌The modern AI is based on #Machine_Learning

ከአርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ጋር ግንኙነት ያላቸውን የሚከተሉትን ቃላት እንመልከት፦

📍Machine Learning (subset of AI) is advanced form of AI where the machine can learn as it goes rather than having every action programmed by humans.
ለምሳሌ የብዙ ውሾች ፎቶ🐕🐻‍❄️ እያንዳንዱን ከሆነ ነገር ጋር አገናኝተን (ለምሳሌ፦ ፊታቸውን ከስማቸው ጋር ሌብል አድርገን) የኮምፒውተር አልጎሪዝም ብንሰራ ማሽኑ ወይም ኮምፒዩተሩ የእያንዳንዱን ለይቶ እኛ ካዛመድነው ነገር ጋር የሚያዛምድበት መንገድ #Machine_Learning ይባላል።

📌The term machine learning was introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959.

📍Deep Learning (subset of machine learning) is the field of neural networks with several hidden layers.

ለምሳሌ እራሱን የሚነዳ መኪና (Driverless cars🚘) ብትወስዱ በውስጡ በጣም ብዙ በሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠሩ ዳታ- several hidden layers (የፎቶና የቪድዮ ዳታ) ይዟል። ይህ ለምን ሆነ ሲባል “መኪናው መቆም ባለበት ቦታ እንዲቆም በሩን መክፈት ባለበት ጊዜ እንዲከፍት ምናምን ነው ይህ “Deep Learning”ን በተወሰነ መልኩ ሊያስረዳ ይችላል።

📑Advantages of AI

📌High Accuracy with fewer errors
📌High Speed
📌High Reliability (አስተማማኝ ነው – አንድ ነገር በጥራት (With high accuracy) ብዙ ጊዜ (multiple times) መስራት ይችላል።

📌Useful for risk areas (ሰዎችን ቢሆኑ አደጋ ላይ ሊወድቁ የሚችሉበት ሁኔታ እነዚህን ሰው ሰራሽ ማሽኖች መጠቀም እንችላለን።)

📌Digital Assistant (ከላይ ቅድም ዘርዝረን የነበርናቸው ዲጂታል አጋዥ ሲይስተሞችን አይታችኃላ – አሁን አሁን እንደ ድሮ ጥያቄ ሲኖራችሁ ሰው መጠየቅ ቀርቷል በኦንላይን የሚያግዟችሁ ብዙ ሲይስተሞች አሉ።

📑DisAdvantages of AI

📌High Cost – ለአርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ (ለምሳሌ ሮቦት🤖 ቢሆን) ብዙ የ”Hardware እና Software” ጥገና ስለሚያስፈልገው ብዙ ወጪ ያስወጣል።

📌Can’t think out of the box – የተባሉትን ብቻ (ፕሮግራም የተደረጉለትን ነገር ብቻ) የሚፈፅሙ ናቸው። ለምሳሌ ሮቦቷን “ነይ ምሳ ልጋብዝሽ😁” ብትላትና መጀመሪያ እንዲህ አይነት ፕሮግራም ተጭኖባት ካልሆነ “የምትለው አይገባኝም😂።” ነው የምትልህ።

📌No feelings and Emotions – ስሜት የላቸውም። ለምን በሳቅ ጥርስ የሚያስወልቅ ቀልድ አቀልድም😁 ወይም የሆነ መርዶ😢 በAI ለተሰሩ ማሽኖች ብትነግራቸው ወፍ! ምንም ስሜት የላቸውም።

📌Increase dependence on machines – ሰዎችን ሰነፍ ያደርጋል።

📌No original Creativity – የሰው ልጆች በተፈጥሮ ሀሳብ አመንጪ ናቸው ነገር ግን እነዚህ የAI ፈጠራዎች በራሳቸው ምንም አይነት ሀሳብ ማፍለቅም ሆነ ማቅረብ አይችሉም።goals of artificial intelligencecluster computingwhy we need ai

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